Environmentally friendly polymeric films based on biocarbon, synthetic zeolite and PVP for agricultural chemistry

Abstract

An investigation was made into polymeric films based on polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as the matrix, in combination with synthetic zeolite and dried or pyrolyzed biocarbon (biochar). The films were prepared by the casting method, and their properties were variously analysed (optical microscopy, FTIR analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, mechanical properties, water solubility, water uptake). Evaluation also encompassed the biological decomposition of the films in the soil environment and their influence on the growth of Sinapis alba. Optical microscopy indicated the particles of the fillers were almost completely evenly distributed in the polymer matrix, therein forming networks randomly. Since the space between the particles decreased as particle content increased, raising the content of the fillers brought about more compact networks. The IR spectra for the films proved the occurrence of hydrogen bonding between the PVP and synthetic zeolite. The processing and mechanical properties of the prepared polymeric films were acceptable. Water solubility and the water uptake of the films were satisfactory regarding handling and further use. Respirometric tests indicated a positive effect by the biocarbon on the biodegradation of the tested films. The proposed combination of synthetic zeolite and biocarbon fillers positively influenced the germination rate of Sinapis alba, while the polymer matrix (PVP) did not hinder further growth. Observations and testing led to the conclusion that the materials based on PVP with fillers (synthetic zeolite/biocarbon) have the potential for agricultural utilization. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.